How to Achieve Efficiencies beyond 22.1% for CdTe-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells

نویسندگان

چکیده

This review paper summarises the key issues of CdTe and CdS/CdTe solar cells as observed over past four decades, focuses on two growth techniques, electrodeposition (ED) closed space sublimation (CSS), which have successfully passed through commercialisation process. Comprehensive experience in electrical contacts to CdTe, surfaces & interfaces, electroplated cell development work led design experimentally test grading band gap multilayer cells, has been applied structure. presents consistent reproducible results learned devices, suggestions are made for achieving or surpassing record efficiency 22.1% using CSS material technique.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

SULFUR DIFFUSION IN POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM CdTe SOLAR CELLS

X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements have been used to characterize the diffusion of S into CdTe during post growth annealing of CdTe solar cells. For anneals at 410°C in the presence of CdCl2, evidence that both a CdTe1-xSx phase and nearly-pure CdTe are present near the back contact is observed. The ternary phase becomes more prominent and the S concentration increases with de...

متن کامل

Grain boundaries in CdTe thin film solar cells: a review

The current state of knowledge on the impact of grain boundaries in CdTe solar cells is reviewed with emphasis being placed on working cell structures. The role of the chemical composition of grain boundaries as well as growth processes are discussed, along with characterisation techniques such as electron beam induced current and cathodoluminescence, which are capable of extracting information...

متن کامل

Analysis of Cu Diffusion in ZnTe-Based Contacts for Thin-Film CdS/CdTe Solar Cells

Ohmic contacts to thin-film CdS/CdTe photovoltaic devices have been formed using a two-layer contact interface of undoped ZnTe (ZnTe) and Cu-doped ZnTe (ZnTe:Cu), followed by Ni or Ti as an outer metallization. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) is used to study Cu diffusion within this back-contact structure, and also, to monitor Cu diffusion from the contact into the CdTe. When Ni metalli...

متن کامل

In-depth analysis of chloride treatments for thin-film CdTe solar cells

CdTe thin-film solar cells are now the main industrially established alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics. These cells remain reliant on the so-called chloride activation step in order to achieve high conversion efficiencies. Here, by comparison of effective and ineffective chloride treatments, we show the main role of the chloride process to be the modification of grain boundaries throug...

متن کامل

Development of a Computer Model for Polycrystalline Thin-Film CuInSe2 and CdTe Solar Cells

Many thin film heterojunction solar cells contain an interface between the emitter and base which is a very high recombination region and which effectively prevents the passage of minority carriers. However, by utilizing proper design techniques which will be discussed here, the problem can be minimized; efficient thin film heterojunction solar cells can be fabricated, even though they contain ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Energies

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['1996-1073']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249510